Newborns should go to the ER if they have a fever, but so should adults with additional serious symptoms, says Justin Wang, MD, from Regional Medical Center of San Jose. Learn what those signs are in this video.
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Dr. Matt Bush, Director of Emergency Services at Medical City Dallas Hospital and Medical City Children’s Hospital, explains when an adult should go to the Emergency Room with a fever.
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Symptoms, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. For patient education. This video is available for instant download licensing here: https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/all-animations/microbiology-videos/-/medias/f9bc98ae-8008-40c3-8952-99c6def7864b-infectious-mononucleosis-narrated-animation
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Infectious mononucleosis, or mono, is a very common syndrome characterized by the triad of fever, swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) – most frequently in the neck, and sore throat with inflamed tonsils (tonsillar pharyngitis). Patients may also present with headache, fatigue, and enlarged spleen upon physical examination. The syndrome can be caused by several different agents, but the most common is Epstein-Barr virus, EBV; and the term “mononucleosis” usually refers to the disease caused by EBV.
EBV is ubiquitous in human. About 95% of all adults have antibodies against EBV, likely from an infection during childhood. Symptomatic infections are most prevalent in older teens and young adults, especially among college students. Infected young children are often asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. Older adults are either immune to the disease thanks to an earlier infection, or have atypical presentations that are misdiagnosed.
EBV is transmitted mainly via infected saliva. The virus is not very contagious, it takes several exposures to high viral loads to acquire EBV. Hence, kissing is the major route of transmission and mono is colloquially known as “the kissing disease”.
The incubation period is typically 3 to 5 weeks. The disease is self-limited and patients usually recover after 2 to 6 weeks, but the virus may remain in the saliva for months. Recovered patients may also shed virus periodically for life without developing symptoms. This is why most people get infected by an asymptomatic person and often cannot recall being exposed to EBV.
After infecting the oral epithelial cells, EBV attacks lymphocytes, in particular B-cells, in the tonsils. Infection then spreads throughout the lymphatic system, causing a massive immune response that is responsible for most of the symptoms. The immune response produces antibodies against EBV, providing lifelong immunity to EBV. At the same time, infection by EBV causes B-cells to proliferate and become antibody-producing plasma cells. Because B-cells are the source of antibodies of all kinds, NON-specific antibodies that do not react to EBV antigens are also produced. These so-called heterophile antibodies may be responsible for the mild thrombocytopenia, generalized rash, and antibiotic-related rash that are occasionally associated with mononucleosis.
As part of the immune defense, cytotoxic T-cells are increased in numbers and activated to kill EBV-infected B-cells. These T-cells have atypical morphology; they are known as Downey cells and are part of the diagnostic workup.
There are 2 antibody tests for mono: monospot test for heterophile antibodies, and EBV-specific antibody test. The monospot test is highly specific, but may give false-negative results in the first week of illness, and has low sensitivity, especially in children. EBV antibody test is performed when monospot test is negative but mono is still suspected.
Mononucleosis is often misdiagnosed as strep throat, and antibiotics may be given inappropriately. Antibiotic treatment can cause a rash to develop and this is often mistaken for antibiotic allergy.
Mononucleosis is self-limited, most patients fully recover after a few weeks, although fatigue may persist for months. Complications are rare but can be severe, sometimes life-threatening.
Treatment is supportive and includes bed rest, hydration, and fever and inflammation reducer. Heavy lifting and active sports must be avoided for a month to prevent splenic rupture. Corticosteroids can be helpful in certain complications, such as impending airway obstruction, but are not usually recommended for uncomplicated disease.
Diagnosing EBV can be done via the heterophile antibody test (“monospot” test), the anti-VCA antibody test, and the anti-EBNA antibody test. The monospot test is neither sensitive nor specific. For more videos and questions, visit – https://www.macrophage.co. Subscribe – https://goo.gl/EMRlRa. Support us on Patreon – https://goo.gl/bhmrgJ.
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Fever is a common feature of childhood infections. Watch this video on how to help a child with fever recover as quickly as possible. Be sure to also watch our video on spotting the signs of sepsis so you know what to do if your child isn’t getting better https://youtu.be/FifBm_08RkA.
(USMLE topics) How the hypothalamus controls body temperature. How fever resets the hypothalamus. Fever versus hyperthermia. This video is available for instant download licensing here https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/all-animations/immune-and-lymphatic-system-videos/-/medias/1b1d41f8-139e-44a6-8ed2-66127f951376-fever-narrated-animation
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Fever, clinically known as pyrexia, is an abnormal increase in body temperature, usually due to an illness. Commonly thought as an undesirable side effect of diseases, fever is actually an effective way the body uses to fight infections. Patients usually recover faster when they allow fever to run its course rather than suppressing it with fever-reducing medications. This is because a higher temperature slows down the growth of most pathogens, as well as boosts the effectiveness of the body’s immune response. It also increases metabolic rates and thereby accelerating tissue repair.
Normally, the hypothalamus keeps the body’s temperature within a narrow range around 37 degrees Celsius, or 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. The hypothalamus acts like a thermostat. It receives inputs from heat and cold receptors throughout the body, and activates heating or cooling, accordingly. When the body is too hot, the hypothalamus sends instructions for it to cool down, for example, by producing sweat. On the other hand, when temperature drops, the hypothalamus directs the body to preserve and produce heat, mainly via the release of norepinephrine. Norepinephrine increases heat production in brown adipose tissue and induces vasoconstriction to reduce heat loss. In addition, acetylcholine stimulates the muscles to shiver, converting stored chemical energy into heat.
Fever is part of the inflammatory response. When immune cells detect the presence of a pathogen, for example, upon binding to a component of bacterial cell walls, they produce inflammatory cytokines. Some of these cytokines are fever-inducers, or pyrogenic. Pyrogenic cytokines act within the hypothalamus to induce the synthesis of prostaglandin E2, PGE2, the major fever inducer. PGE2 acts on thermoregulatory neurons of the hypothalamus to raise the body’s temperature set point. In other words, PGE2 tricks the hypothalamus into thinking that the body is cold, while in fact the temperature did not change. In response, the hypothalamus instructs the body to actively produce heat to raise body temperature above normal. Fever-reducing medications, such as aspirin and ibuprofen, work by suppressing PGE2 synthesis.
Once infection is cleared, pyrogens are no longer produced and the hypothalamic thermostat is set back to normal temperature. Cooling mechanisms, such as sweating and vasodilation, are activated to cool the body down.
While fever is usually beneficial and need not be treated, precaution should be taken to prevent body temperature from running too high, which may cause confusion, seizures and irreversible damage to the brain.
Finally, it is important to differentiate between fever and hyperthermia, the latter is often caused by extended exposures to extreme heat, or heat stroke. Unlike fever, the body’s temperature set point in hyperthermia is unchanged and the body does not produce the extra heat; its cooling system is simply exhausted and fails to compensate for the excessive external heating. Hyperthermia is always harmful and must be treated with various cooling methods. Fever-reducing medications have no effect on hyperthermia as pyrogens are not involved.
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This video shows how to get a fever with onions. Follow this quick video and you can get yourself a day off school or work by using the onion trick! The results turn out best if you pull this off overnight because it takes a few hours to take affect on your body. This fever with onions tutorial is for educational purposes only, so try this at your own risk! If you do decide to attempt to get fever with a onion, I’m not responsible for what happens to you, I just make the videos! Good luck and enjoy your day off! Thanks for watching, and subscribe for more videos!
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Learn about children who show no other symptoms while having a fever, from Eve Switzer, MD, pediatrician at St. Mary’s Regional Medical Center.
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Parents have been hot to ask me when to worry about their child having a fever. Let me try to cool down everyone’s concern and help separate the facts from the fiction in regard to fever.
Lewis First, MD, is chief of Pediatrics at The University of Vermont Children’s Hospital and chair of the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Vermont College of Medicine. You can also catch “First with Kids” weekly on WOKO 98.9FM and WPTZ Channel 5, or visit the First with Kids video archives at www.UVMHealth.org/MedCenterFirstWithKids.
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A fever is a temporary increase in body temperature, and a sign that you’re fighting an illness or infection. The average normal temperature for a health person is 98.6 F (37 C). When it rises above that, especially in infants and toddlers, it can be serious.
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In this video I discuss fever in kids and what you need to know if your child has a fever. This video reviews when a fever is likely not serious, when to call your doctor, and when to seek emergency care. Fever in kids can be stressful and anxiety provoking for parents and caregivers, but knowing how to manage the fever at home and what fever signs and symptoms to look out for can help ease the anxiety. I also discuss what antipyretics to give children for a child’s fever, specifically Children’s tylenol and Children’s Ibuprofen. I also give some history on the difference between infant tylenol and children’s tylenol and why there is a such a price difference. I hope this educational video helps you understand what to do and when to worry when your child has a fever.
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How To Bring Down A Fever In Children | How To Get Rid Of A High Fever In Adults | How To Treat A High Fever In Babies
Hey guys! This weeks video is all about how to treat a fever in adults, children and babies.
WHAT IS NORMAL?
The average body temperature, taken with a thermometer in the mouth, is 37ºC (98.6ºF), but anywhere between 36.5ºC and 37.2ºC (97.7ºF and 99ºF) can be considered normal.
WHAT IS A FEVER?
A fever helps the body fight infections by stimulating the immune system. By increasing the body’s temperature, a fever makes it more difficult for the bacteria and viruses that cause infections to survive.
A fever is a high temperature of 38C or more.
RED FLAG SYMPTOMS TO BE AWARE OF:
Any of the following symptoms suggest that you or your child need urgent medical advice/help. They suggest that the symptoms could indicate a serious illness, and need emergency help.
I have tried my best to add as many red flag symptoms but incase I have missed anything please make sure to visit the following pages as well,
-https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/treating-high-temperature-children/?
-https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/spotting-signs-serious-illness/?
-https://patient.info/health/fever-in-children-high-temperature/seeing-a-doctor
-https://beta.nhs.uk/symptoms/fever-in-children/
• A high temperature in a baby less than 8 weeks old
• The child is under 3 months old with a temperature of 38°C (101°F) or above
• The child is between 3 and 6 months with a temperature of 39°C (102°F) or above
• The child’s fever lasts for more than 5 days
• Your child’s health is getting worse
• Your child is under 8 weeks old and doesn’t want to feed
• Cold feet and hands
• A high-pitched, weak or continuous cry in young children
• A lack of responsiveness, slower in activity or floppy, quiet or listless despite taking paracetamol or ibuprofen
• A bulging fontanelle (the soft spot on a baby’s head)
• A stiff neck
• Bothered by light
• Not drinking for more than 8 hours or showing signs of dehydration -https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dehydration/
• Fits, convulsions or seizures
• Blue, very pale, mottled, blotchy or ashen/grey skin
• Difficulty breathing, fast breathing, grunting while breathing, or if your child seems to be struggling to breathe – for example, sucking their stomach in under their ribs
• Unusually drowsy, hard to wake up, unable to stay awake, doesn’t seem to recognise you or seem aware of what’s going on around them
• Severe abdominal pain
• A spotty purple-red rash anywhere on the body that doesn’t fade when a glass is rolled over it
• Repeated vomiting or green (bile-stained) sick
• You have any concerns about looking after your child at home
TIPS TO HELP A FEVER:
• Drink or encourage to drink plenty of fluids – offer regular breastfeeds if you’re breastfeeding.
• Try to eat nutritious foods if you can.
• Check on your child from time to time during the night
• Tepid sponging is not recommended for treatment of fever
• Avoid bundling up in too many clothes or bedclothes
• Keep the room at a comfortable temperature, but make sure fresh air is circulating
• Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration
MEDICATION:
If your child seems distressed, consider giving them children’s paracetamol or ibuprofen. These shouldn’t be given together unless advised by a healthcare professional.
Adults can take paracetamol and/or ibuprofen to help reduce a fever.
Always check any medication with your healthcare professional, read the instructions on the bottle or packet carefully, and never exceed the recommended dose.
Do not use ibuprofen if you have a known allergy or asthma attacks have been triggered by it or medicines in the same family.
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This video is for information only and should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of medical conditions. Abraham The Pharmacist has used all reasonable care in compiling the information but make no warranty as to its accuracy. Always consult a doctor or other healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions.
Dr. Jonathan Schimmel shares fever reduction facts and the use of ibuprofen for COVID-19.
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Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono) | Epstein-Barr Virus, Transmission, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Infectious Mononucleosis (also known simply as Mono or Mononucleosis) is a condition whereby immune cells (known as monocytes) increase in levels due to an infection (most commonly by Epstein-barr virus, or EBV). In this lesson, we discuss how this virus is transmitted, along with the signs and symptoms of mono, how it is diagnosed and how it is treated.
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JJ
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EXCLAIMER: The content used in this lesson is used in accordance with Fair Use laws and is intended for educational purposes only.
**MEDICAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, and information presented here is NOT TO BE USED as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal.
Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.
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Infectious mononucleosis (IM, mono), also known as glandular fever, is an infection usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV).[2][3] Most people are infected by the virus as children, when the disease produces few or no symptoms.[2] In young adults, the disease often results in fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, and tiredness.[2] Most people recover in two to four weeks; however, feeling tired may last for months.[2] The liver or spleen may also become swollen,[3] and in less than one percent of cases splenic rupture may occur.[6]
While usually caused by Epstein–Barr virus, also known as human herpesvirus 4, which is a member of the herpesvirus family,[3] a few other viruses may also cause the disease.[3] It is primarily spread through saliva but can rarely be spread through semen or blood.[2] Spread may occur by objects such as drinking glasses or toothbrushes or through a cough or sneeze.[2][7] Those who are infected can spread the disease weeks before symptoms develop.[2] Mono is primarily diagnosed based on the symptoms and can be confirmed with blood tests for specific antibodies.[3] Another typical finding is increased blood lymphocytes of which more than 10% are atypical.[3][8] The monospot test is not recommended for general use due to poor accuracy.[9]
We’ve all heard of mono. It’s the kissing disease! But this term is a little minimizing and outdated. The disease is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, and there are lot more details regarding transmission and disease than can be described simply by kissing, so let’s get into the finer points now.
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