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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
1:46 Causes of Bladder Cancer
2:27 Symptoms of Bladder Cancer
2:43 Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer
4:27 Treatment of Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer is any of several types of cancer arising from the tissues of the urinary bladder. It is a disease in which cells grow abnormally and have the potential to spread to other parts of the body. Symptoms include blood in the urine, pain with urination, and low back pain.

Risk factors for bladder cancer include smoking, family history, prior radiation therapy, frequent bladder infections, and exposure to certain chemicals. The most common type is transitional cell carcinoma. Other types include squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Diagnosis is typically by cystoscopy with tissue biopsies. Staging of the cancer is typically determined by medical imaging such as CT scan and bone scan.

Treatment depends on the stage of the cancer.It may include some combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. Surgical options may include transurethral resection, partial or complete removal of the bladder, or urinary diversion.Typical five-year survival rates in the United States are 77%.

Bladder cancer, as of 2015, affects about 3.4 million people globally with 430,000 new cases a year.In 2015 it resulted in 188,000 deaths.Age of onset is most often between 65 and 85 years of age. Males are more often affected than females. In the United States in 2018 81,000 cases and 17,000 deaths are expected making it the 6th most common type of cancer in the region.

It makes sense to think that back pain is related to the kidneys. Some of my patients are not surprised when they are diagnosed with chronic kidney disease because they will complain about constant back pain. But are the two related? Does kidney disease cause kidney pain? What other conditions can cause kidney pain? Watch this video to hear my responses to these questions and more.

Content Chapters:
00:00 – Introduction
00:24 – My Patients Questions about Back Pain and Kidney Disease
01:08 – What is Chronic Kidney Disease?
01:38 – Back Pain and Kidney Pain Location
02:20 – Kidney Stones and Polycystic Kidney Disease
02:59 – Pyelonephritis
03:23 – Conclusion

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“GAS or streptococcus pyogenes is the most common bacterial cause of acute tonsillitis.
Here is a mouth with pharyngotonsilitis, inflammation of both the pharynx and tonsils. Here is a photo of bacterial tonsillitis. Pharyngotonsillitis caused by GAS is sometimes referred to as strep throat. The majority of episodes of pharyngitis are caused by viral infections which are usually treated conservatively. However, early recognition of s.pyogenes is important since failure to appropriately treat strep throat may lead to GAS complications. Unfortunately, distinguishing between viral and bacteria can be difficult.

The group a streptococcus are beta haemolytic cocci able to produce some exotoxins and also contain many surface antigens that play a vital role in its pathophysiology such as m proteins. Transmission of strep throat is through saliva and nasal secretion from an infected person.”

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Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono) | Epstein-Barr Virus, Transmission, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Infectious Mononucleosis (also known simply as Mono or Mononucleosis) is a condition whereby immune cells (known as monocytes) increase in levels due to an infection (most commonly by Epstein-barr virus, or EBV). In this lesson, we discuss how this virus is transmitted, along with the signs and symptoms of mono, how it is diagnosed and how it is treated.

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JJ

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EXCLAIMER: The content used in this lesson is used in accordance with Fair Use laws and is intended for educational purposes only.

**MEDICAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, and information presented here is NOT TO BE USED as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal.

Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.
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Infectious mononucleosis (IM, mono), also known as glandular fever, is an infection usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV).[2][3] Most people are infected by the virus as children, when the disease produces few or no symptoms.[2] In young adults, the disease often results in fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, and tiredness.[2] Most people recover in two to four weeks; however, feeling tired may last for months.[2] The liver or spleen may also become swollen,[3] and in less than one percent of cases splenic rupture may occur.[6]

While usually caused by Epstein–Barr virus, also known as human herpesvirus 4, which is a member of the herpesvirus family,[3] a few other viruses may also cause the disease.[3] It is primarily spread through saliva but can rarely be spread through semen or blood.[2] Spread may occur by objects such as drinking glasses or toothbrushes or through a cough or sneeze.[2][7] Those who are infected can spread the disease weeks before symptoms develop.[2] Mono is primarily diagnosed based on the symptoms and can be confirmed with blood tests for specific antibodies.[3] Another typical finding is increased blood lymphocytes of which more than 10% are atypical.[3][8] The monospot test is not recommended for general use due to poor accuracy.[9]

We’ve all heard of mono. It’s the kissing disease! But this term is a little minimizing and outdated. The disease is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, and there are lot more details regarding transmission and disease than can be described simply by kissing, so let’s get into the finer points now.

Script by Kellie Vinal

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Dengue Fever & What You Need to Know, including Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment. Dengue fever is a viral infection with potentially fatal consequences. In this lesson, we discuss how people are infected with Dengue fever, pathophysiology of the condition, along with phases of infection, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, preventative methods (vaccines, mosquito repellent).

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Check out some of my other lessons.

Medical Terminology – The Basics – Lesson 1:

Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway:

Wnt/B Catenin Signaling Pathway:

Upper vs. Lower Motor Neuron Lesions:

Lesson on the Purine Synthesis and Salvage Pathway:

Gastrulation | Formation of Germ Layers:

Introductory lesson on Autophagy (Macroautophagy):

Infectious Disease Playlist

Dermatology Playlist

Pharmacology Playlist

Hematology Playlist

Rheumatology Playlist

Endocrinology Playlist

Nephrology Playlist

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**MEDICAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal.

Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

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*Although I try my best to present accurate information, there may be mistakes in this video. If you do see any mistakes with information in this lesson, please comment and let me know.*

I am always looking for ways to improve my lessons! Please don’t hesitate to leave me feedback and comments – all of your feedback is greatly appreciated! 🙂 And please don’t hesitate to send me any messages if you need any help – I will try my best to be here to help you guys 🙂

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JJ
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